Fetal alcohol syndrome

...is characterized by prenatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, facial dysmorphia, and cardiac defects. Neural tube and vertebral column defects are not common features. Although cardiac defects occur, they usually are septal defects

See also related discussion on Ebstein anomaly, Lithium exposure, Coumarin exposure, FAS

• Incidence: 1-2 infants/1,000 live births

Characteristics:

• IUGR (prenatal growth deficiency)
• microcephaly, Short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, maxillary hypoplasia, micrognathia, thin upper lip/indistinct philtrum
• Cardiac septal defects
• Minor joint/limb abnormalities
• Developmental delay
• Neural tube and vertebral column defects are not common features.